Tajikistan, a mountainous region located in Central Asia, shares its borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) started working in Tajikistan in 1997. Since 2011, MSF and the Tajikistan ministry of health have been working together to treat patients with drug-resistant forms of Tuberculosis (TB).

For the first time in Tajikistan, MSF expanded treatment to children who have been diagnosed with multidrug resistant forms of TB. MSF has also spearheaded the use of newer, more effective TB medications bedaquiline and delamanid in the country. Starting in 2015, eligible patients began treatment on these - the first new TB drugs in almost 50 years.